Press freedom, a tool for democracy and development

Can you imagine how people would live without radio, television, newspapers, magazines, internet/websites, and social media (WhatsApp, Twitter (now ‘X’), Facebook (now Meta), Instagram, and YouTube, among others)? 

There is no doubt that the media plays a crucial role in our lives. The media (press), both traditional and social media, are the most powerful tools of communication and interaction.

Recently, social media has become part of our everyday lives. That is because they keep us informed about what is happening in different parts of the world. Thanks to the development of science and technology, we can revolutionise how we access information at our fingertips and communicate and interact with the world around us. However, the media performs their roles effectively and efficiently where they can operate freely (press freedom). 

Press freedom is the ability of the press (media) to function without hindrance, interference, or worrying about anything from government authorities or other powerful people or entities. It involves the right of journalists, media outlets (newspapers, magazines, radio, television, social media platforms, blogs, and websites), and individuals to investigate, report, and disseminate information and opinions on matters of public interest without fear.

Due to the significant importance of the press in our lives, Edmund Burke, a renowned British statesman, nicknamed the press (media) the “fourth estate." That is due to its watchdog role over the three organs of the government: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. 

Similarly, due to the critical role of the media in our society, in 1993, the UN General Assembly declared World Press Freedom Day (WPFD), which is commemorated every year on May 3. This day is commemorated to emphasise press freedom and the role of journalists in promoting democracy and human rights.

Press freedom is a crucial indicator of democracy. It is an essential component of the functioning of a healthy democracy. That is because when the media operates freely, it creates an environment for democratic principles to thrive. The media acts as a watchdog by informing the citizens, questioning or challenging the governing authorities and powerful entities, and holding those in power accountable. 

Press freedom, or freedom of expression, is one of the fundamental human rights and a tool that promotes economic growth and development. That is because the media increases awareness by disseminating correct information and knowledge that encourages investment, entrepreneurship, and innovation within society and the country. The media encourages transparency, exposes corruption and abuse of power, and more likely enhances those in power to behave morally and responsibly. It can also aid in addressing significant issues affecting society and the environment. 

The 2024 WPFD theme is “A Press for the Planet: Journalism in the Face of the Environmental Crisis." The theme shows the importance of journalism and freedom of expression in raising awareness of all aspects of the global environmental crisis (climate change, loss of biodiversity, and pollution, among others) and its consequences, as well as their crucial role in promoting peace and democratic values and principles within society. 

However, in today’s digital era, with numerous communication platforms like social media, which are widely available and interconnected, adapting legal frameworks and practices is vital to ensuring freedom of expression. That helps avoid challenges associated with the platforms: bullying others and sharing fake news (misinformation on the internet and platforms). Likewise, cultivating a sense of tolerance and respect for opposing ideas and opinions is essential when correct and vital information for enhancing societal and national development is shared by the media, although not in your favour. 

Generally, promoting and protecting freedom of the press is a realisation of fundamental human rights that affirm our commitment to the principles of dignity, equality, and justice for all, but it is also a realisation of a healthy democracy and the development of society and the nation.

Dr Saumu Jumanne is a lecturer at Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE).