The South African government said on Monday it would recall all its diplomats from Israel to signal its concern over the situation in Gaza.
Pretoria also said the position of the Israeli ambassador to the country was becoming "more and more untenable", accusing the diplomat of having made "disparaging remarks" about people criticising Israel.
"The South African government has decided to withdraw all its diplomats in Tel Aviv for consultation," Khumbudzo Ntshavheni, a minister in the president's office, told a press briefing without providing further details.
Gunmen from the Palestinian Islamist group Hamas stormed across Gaza's border with Israel on October 7, killing about 1,400 people, mostly civilians, and taking over 240 hostages, according to Israeli officials.
Since then, Israel has relentlessly bombarded Gaza and sent in ground troops. The health ministry in the Hamas-run territory says more than 10,000 people have been killed, also mainly civilians.
Pretoria has long been a vocal supporter of the Palestinian cause, with the ruling African National Congress (ANC) often linking it to its own historical struggle against apartheid.
Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor said the recall of the diplomats was "normal practice", adding the envoys would give a "full briefing" to the government, which will then decide whether it can be of assistance or whether a "continued relationship is actually able to be sustained".
"We are... extremely concerned at the continued killing of children and innocent civilians in the Palestinian territories and we believe the nature of response by Israel has become one of collective punishment," Pandor told a press conference on Monday, as she hosted her Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Kuleba.
"We felt it important that we do signal the concern of South Africa while continuing to call for a comprehensive cessation (of hostilities)."
Hamas hailed the move and called on South Africa to "sever all ties" with Israel, which for its part decried the recall, saying it rewarded the Islamist group "for the massacre it carried out."
Earlier, Ntshavheni accused Israeli ambassador Eliav Belotserkovsky, of making derogatory comments about South Africans, including members of government, "who are speaking against the holocaust being committed by the Israeli government".
The foreign ministry had been instructed "to convey the South African government displeasure with the ambassador" through diplomatic channels, she said.
"We felt it important that we should call the ambassador in," added Pandor.
"There seems to be a strange practice among some ambassadors in South Africa, that they can just say what they like... I don't know if it's because it's an African country and they disrespect us but it's something that we should not tolerate," she said.
Israel's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Lior Haiat, said the ministry fully supported the ambassador, "who represents the position of the Israeli government and the people of Israel."
Last month, Pandor denied she had expressed support for Hamas's October 7 attack in a phone call with the group's leader, which she said had focused instead on humanitarian aid.
President Cyril Ramaphosa is among several ANC officials who have participated, sporting flags and keffiyeh scarves, in a show of solidarity with the Palestinians.
Home to the largest Jewish community in sub-Saharan Africa, the country has also seen several pro-Israel demonstrations and initiatives, including the setting-up in Johannesburg of a Shabbat dinner table with empty chairs and photos of the hostages held by Hamas.
