Shift in tactics: The untapped power of music in East Africa’s peace efforts

Experts argue that a shift in tactics is urgently needed, with one overlooked approach being the use of art—particularly music—to foster reconciliation and peacebuilding.

Music holds a unique place in East African societies, transcending borders and speaking directly to people's emotions.

Despite the region’s rich musical heritage and globally recognised artists, its potential as a peacebuilding tool remains largely untapped.

According to a conflict resolution expert based in Arusha, Dr James Mwakipesile, music has the power to influence attitudes and foster unity.

“Music speaks to emotions in ways that policies and speeches cannot. It can change narratives, promote empathy, and encourage dialogue among conflicting communities,” he says.

Dr Mwakipesile suggests that the EAC should actively engage artists in peacebuilding efforts, using their influence to spread messages of unity and tolerance.

The ongoing conflicts in South Sudan and the eastern DRC have caused immense suffering, with millions displaced and trade routes disrupted.

These conflicts are deeply rooted in issues of identity, ethnicity, and historical grievances, making traditional peace efforts, such as mediation and ceasefire agreements, less effective.

In contrast, arts-based approaches offer a non-confrontational way to address these underlying issues.

Music has already proven its effectiveness in peacebuilding efforts globally. In post-apartheid South Africa, musicians played a pivotal role in promoting reconciliation.

Songs like Miriam Makeba’s “Soweto Blues” and Hugh Masekela’s “Bring Him Back Home” helped galvanise the anti-apartheid movement and later encouraged unity among South Africans.

Closer to home, Uganda’s Bobi Wine—a musician turned politician—has used his music to highlight social injustices and promote peaceful change.

His song “Freedom” became an anthem for youth demanding political reforms. In Kenya, the “Pamoja Peace” campaign, led by artists such as Eric Wainaina and Juliani, played a crucial role in promoting reconciliation after the 2007-2008 post-election violence.

In Tanzania, the late Bi Kidude’s music promoted unity and cultural pride, emphasising peaceful coexistence.

Music manager and producer George Njoroge believes artists have a unique ability to communicate messages that resonate with the public.

“When artists create music addressing social issues, it becomes more than just entertainment—it becomes a powerful tool for change. In times of conflict, music can provide solace and hope while encouraging people to seek peaceful solutions,” he says.

Various studies support the potential of music in peacebuilding. A report by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) highlights how music can heal trauma, promote social cohesion, and rebuild trust in post-conflict societies.

The report emphasises that music can reach marginalised groups and bridge divides that other forms of communication cannot.

Despite this potential, many renowned artists in the EAC region have not been involved in peacebuilding initiatives.

Musicians such as Diamond Platnumz, Sauti Sol, and Eddy Kenzo have massive followings across the region, yet their influence has rarely been directed toward promoting peace.

Experts believe this gap stems from a lack of policy and a failure to recognise music’s power in conflict resolution.

“Artists have a unique connection with the public. They can convey complex messages in ways that resonate deeply,” says a cultural studies lecturer at the University of Dar es Salaam, Ms Lucy Nyanda.

She argues that governments and regional bodies should collaborate with artists to create songs that address the root causes of conflicts. “Music can challenge stereotypes, reduce prejudice, and promote understanding,” she says.

One successful example of using music for peacebuilding is Rwanda’s ‘Artists for Peace’ initiative. Following the 1994 genocide, Rwandan artists came together to produce songs promoting unity and reconciliation.

This initiative helped heal wounds and foster a sense of national identity. The EAC can learn from such initiatives and replicate them across the region.

Renowned composer John Kitime recalls the role that Tanzanian music played in the country’s post-independence era.

“Music was a unifying force. It celebrated our diversity while reminding us that we are one people. In times of conflict, we must return to these roots and use music to bring people together,” he says.

 The digital era

The rise of digital platforms also presents an opportunity for artists to spread peace messages more widely.

Social media and music streaming services have made it easier for artists to reach millions of people across borders.

By leveraging these platforms, artists can shape public perceptions and promote peace.

“Social media has democratised the music industry,” says music promoter Mary Atieno. “Artists no longer need big record labels to reach audiences. This gives them more freedom to create socially conscious music and share it with the world. It’s time for artists to take advantage of this to promote peace.”

However, a concerted effort from the EAC and member states is necessary to engage artists in peacebuilding processes.

This could involve creating platforms for artists to collaborate on peace projects, offering financial support for peace-themed music productions, and recognising artists who contribute to peacebuilding.

Incorporating music into peace efforts could address the root causes of conflicts. Many regional conflicts are fuelled by poverty, inequality, and lack of opportunities.

Songs that highlight these issues and call for solutions can inspire change and promote dialogue. Additionally, music can help preserve cultural heritage, fostering a sense of pride and identity that transcends ethnic divisions.

Dr Mwakipesile emphasises the need for a mindset shift among policymakers. “We need to move away from seeing peacebuilding as solely a political or military process,” he says.